Carol Rose
Basic
SETTING
According to the multiple sites and blog posts, the definition of setting is the time and place in which a story happens.
Your story’s setting is going to be closely related to your chosen genre because of reader expectations in that genre. It’s a good idea to read a lot in your chosen genre so you can see what’s selling. Because whether you agree with it or not, what is currently selling is, for the most part, what readers of that genre want.
Your chances of signing with an agent, or selling a book directly to a publisher, increase if you give readers what they want within your chosen genre. Once you have some books under your belt and a following, you can push those expectations a bit and hope your readers follow you.
So, if setting means letting readers know the time and place for your story, how do you do that without going down the rabbit hole of too much exposition? Or, without adding a long prologue to set the mood or tone?
Setting doesn’t have to be outlined for readers using long, descriptive paragraphs or pages. When we talk about letting readers know the time and place for your story, we’re also talking about grounding our readers in the Big Five: Who, What, When, Where, and Why.
This doesn’t mean you have to outline absolutely everything in the first paragraph, but the sooner you ground your readers, the easier it will be to pull them into the head of your POV character. Once you do that, they will empathize with that character. And once they do that, you’ll have them hooked. They will keep turning pages to find out what happens next to that character.
You can accomplish establishing the setting with one or two lines for any genre.
Before I give you some examples, I’m not saying you must accomplish setting in one or two lines. I’m merely suggesting that you don’t have to spend pages and pages, or even paragraphs and paragraphs letting your reader know where and when they are.
We all know this one…
It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.
This, of course, is the opening two lines of 1984. What did Orwell accomplish with these two sentences?
The time of day, the fact it’s not our known world (clocks don’t strike thirteen in our world), the mood, and the POV character. With only two lines, Orwell established the setting for the book to come, and grounded us in the Who, Where, and to a certain extent the When. Or at least, the fact that this is not our When.
As the chapter goes on, Orwell grounds us further in the When, as well as the What and Why. But he accomplished setting – the time and place for the story - with only two lines. He also hooked us. We want to know what happens to Winston because we’re already intrigued.
Let’s look at another well-known example…
The Salinas Valley is in Northern California. It is a long narrow swale between two ranges of mountains, and the Salinas River winds and twists up the center until it falls at last into Monterey Bay.
I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. I remember where a toad may live and what time the birds awaken in the summer—and what trees and seasons smelled like—how people looked and walked and smelled even. The memory of odors is very rich.
This is the opening of East of Eden by John Steinbeck. Quite a different opening than 1984, but it still gives us the setting – the time and place. We have the Where, the Who (although we don’t yet have a name for our POV character), and we have the When. The POV character is in contemporary times looking back on his own life.
It’s also very descriptive. Steinbeck uses the senses to recreate memories for the reader. We’ll get to description in another Craft Chat post, but as you can see, setting and description are often closely related. In the opening lines of 1984, Orwell used description of the senses as well.
But first let’s see dissect one more example of an opening that gives the reader setting, and this time grounds the reader in each of the Big Five. I made this one up.
Sally swore out loud as her boot heel caught in a storm drain grate on Charles Street. She was already late for her interview, and she really wanted this job. Landy Pharmaceuticals would pay her enough to get out from under the mess she and her sister were in. And that meant they both just might get to live a while longer.
We’ve accomplished the definition of setting in that we have the time and place. It’s a contemporary story. We know this by the tone and language, so we have the When. We also know it’s an urban setting because of the mention of a job interview and storm drain grates, so we have the Where. We have the Who – Sally. We also have the What and Why. She and her sister are in big trouble and need money, or they might end up dead.
And we accomplished all that with only four sentences in which the stakes are high. Sally needs this job or she believes she and her sister might die. Readers will want to know what happens next. Will she get the job? What is the job? Will this job really will save Sally and her sister’s life? Who might kill them and why? What did they do or not do?
The setting of your story not only lets readers know the time and place it happens. It also grounds them in at least a couple of the Big Five. It sets the tone and mood of the story. It lets them know what to expect from the story. And it paves the way for a transition into further grounding, letting them know what the stakes are, and pulling them in with a hook that keeps them reading.
Can you prolong the opening and ease slowly into setting? Can you ease slowly into grounding your reader? Yes, of course you can. But this post is meant to show you that it is possible to accomplish all this with only a few powerful opening lines.
Okay. Your turn! Let’s talk about it, but please read THIS POST first for some basic guidelines. This discussion will stay open until Tuesday morning, 7:00 AM EST, March 12, 2019, after which it will become read-only.